History Of Hindi: :History of Indian Languages. A friend of mine from Bihar told me what we considered as the national language Hindi was indeed a form of the Khariboli of Delhi. The Hindi they spoke was different, not a dialect but a different language altogether. ![]() I was surprised and perplexed. The article tries to find out all about Hindi language and literature. The article is verbatim from the History and Culture of Indian People published by the Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan. After that I compared notes with The Cultural Heritage of India published by the Ramakrishna Mission. Round about 5. 00 AD there were regional Prakrits which were the source of modern Indo- Aryan languages and the authors can think of these Prakrits as – 1. But it might have just been a variety of Sauraseni. Kosali seems to have been cultivated very early and we have a Sanskrit work that indicates that there was an attempt to teach Sanskrit through the Old Kosala speech, goes back to the 1st half of the 1. Excepting Bengali- Assamese- Oriya- Marathi- Gujarati- Sindhi- Punjabi the speeches of the North Indian plains have had a restricted literary employment during the last one hundred years and people from the beginning of the 2. Western Hindi (the Khariboli speech of Delhi) as their language of education, literature and public life. It has become the national language while Maithili, Magahi, Bhojpuri, Awadhi, Bagheli, Brajabhasa, Chattisgarhi with other Central and Western Himalayan dialects being described as dialects of Hindi. ![]() But that was not the case till about 1. The vocabulary of Hindi is chiefly derived from Sanskrit. Like other Indo- Aryan languages Hindi in its present shape began to take shape around the 1. But before the 1. Sauraseni Apabhramsa. Interestingly Sauraseni also gave birth to Punjabi. Oldest Hindi Mystico – Devotional Poetry - The padas and vanis of Gorakh Natha 1. ![]() Natha Pantha teacher, and other contemporary Yogis preaching the philosophy and practice of hatha- yoga are also ascribed to this period. But their language is very changed and it is difficult to decide how much of these compositions are genuine. These poems emphasize the need for a pure life, detachment from material prosperity, and real knowledge, which prepared the ground for the bhakta poets of a later period. The article has two chapters – 1. As such it did not come into any literary use before 1. When we said Hindi literature it meant Brajbhasa the most important form of Western Hindi prior to 1. It is customary to include in this expression Awadhi although it is genetically of a different Prakrit origin from Western Hindi. ![]() Directed by Rahul Dholakia. With Raj Arjun, Shubham Chintamani, Shubham Tukaram, Dhanveer. Criticizing the prohibition of alcohol in Gujarat, this film unfolds the. Astrology – Basics Avasthas of Planets Basics of Vedic Astrology Bhavartha Ratnakara Bhrigu Sutras (partial significance of the Planets and Houses). ![]() Since we assumed other languages to be dialects lots of literature written in other languages became part of Hindi literature. For example devotional songs of Mirabai were written in Rajasthani or Bhojpuri, Maithili, Garhwali speeches. During 1. 00. 0 to 1. Western Hindi was evolving out of Apabhramsa. It was during this period that a kind of linguistic hesitancy, that the first drafts of great Rajput heroic romances like Prithvirajarasau took shape. They were mostly in Western Hindi and they stand at the base of what may be described Hindi literature as also of Rajasthani literature. The Brahman scholars were busy composing works in Sanskrit, both stories and philosophical works but the revival initiated by them on the basis of translations from the epics and Puranas was to come later. Amir Khushrav 1. 25. Persian poet was one of the earliest writers of Hindi as well. Although the actual mass of Hindi compositions written by him is quite small he was fully alive to the importance of Hindi. He was also the author of Khaliq- Bari which is a brief dictionary in verse of Pers- Arabic and Hindi. The book did a lot to spread Perso- Arabic words among the people of North India and helped bring about the development of Urdu. Between 1. 30. 0 to 1. Hindi literature during the 1. Telugu Songs Hindi Songs (paata paatala parnasala) A One-Stop for 60's, 70's and 80's Telugu Melodious Songs. Hotwapi.Com is a mobile toplist for mobile web sites. We have over 2000 registered sites. T he value of Yogananda’s Autobiography is greatly enhanced by the fact that it is one of the few books in English about the wise men of India which has been. CHINTA CHHOD CHINTAMANI Hindi Play/Drama directed by Om Katare starring Om Katare, Paromita Chatterjee, Ashok Sharma, Priyanka Basu, Prateek Pendharkar, Sapna. Kannada is mostly spoken in the state of Karnataka, in India. Check out the history, literature and writing style of Kannada. Kabir. The abandon of faith in and love of God was a new strain in Indian religious experience for which the North is indebted to the South. The Saints of Tamil Nadu, Saivites or Vaishnavites had a deep love for God, which in turn formed the basis of the Bhakti school. Two noted Vaishnava Acharyas Ramananda 1. Vallabhacharya 1. They included Kabir. The former was an ardent devotee of Lord Ram, a great Sanskrit scholar who wrote in Hindi too. The latter was a Sanskrit scholar who was a devotee of Lord Krishna. He came from Andhra but made Mathura his main seat of teaching. One of his disciples was Surdasa. This new Bhakti movement revolutionized Hindi language and literature. The language became free from the unnecessary inhibitions and shackles of the Apabhramsa tradition. The poets came from the masses, sincere in thought and behavior. They used language that was familiar to the people. A number of Kabir’s dohas found in the Kabir canon is in pure Bhojpuri his native language. But most of his writings are now available in a mixed language. This is popularly known as sadhukkada boli or the speech of wandering sadhus. It is basically Western Hindi – Braja –bhasa and occasional forms of Awadhi. Guru Nanak wrote in Western Hindi tinged with Punjabi. Kosali or Awadhi or called Eastern Hindi. At present there is little literary endeavor in Eastern Hindi since most speakers have adopted western Hindi. However, Awadhi has been one of the earliest Indo Aryan languages to be cultivated for literature. The oldest specimen of Awadhi is found in Ukti- vyakti- prakarana of Damodara Pandita who flourished during the first half of the 1. He wrote this book to teach Sanskrit through his mother tongue which was a kind of old Awadhi. The Sufi tradition which became established in India in the 1. Muslim who took a number of poems of medieval Hindu inspiration and wove them into poems in Awadhi, Maulana Daud was probably the first of them. The manuscripts of these poems in Awadhi are mostly Persian in character due to the Muslim influence existing at that point of time. The greatest Hindi writer during this period was Gosvami Tulsidasa, born in U. P. He wrote his masterpiece Rama- charita- manas sometime in 1. Awadhi dialect. It narrates the story of Rama and through it propounds the story of the Bhakti Cult. Besides its literary importance it rendered a great service to the Hindus of North India who were submerged under the flood of Islamic conquest. Quote Dr S K Chatterjee excerpts “ Tulisdasa with his books did the greatest service in strengthening the Hindus of North India in their old ways, culture which seemed to be overwhelmed in the flood- side of an aggressive Islam and by the side attacks on Hindu cultural life through covert preaching against orthodoxy, which inculcated the study of Sanskrit books, going to places of pilgrimages and performance of various religious rites. If a writer’s popularity is to be gauged by the number of quotations from him known to the masses, then there is none else in the range of Hindi to stand before Tulsidasa”. One of the important characteristics of the Indian civilization is the strength we derive from the characters in Mahabharata and Ramayana. As a child my mother read out these epics to me from the Amar Chitra Katha, sub- consciously they seem to have impacted my mind, whenever in trouble I draw inspiration from one of the characters therein. Interestingly I saw a movie . I could actually identify similar characters, Arjun, Bhim and Ghatotkach to name a few. Tulasi- dasa wrote many other devotional works of which Vinaya- Patrika (letters of Prayer) is most well known. He preached pure devotion of God but believed in a personal God with attributes as was represented by Rama, an avatar of Vishnu. He died on 1. 62. The spirit of Tulasi- dasa encouraged many writers like Agra- dasa and Nabhaji- dasa who wrote in Braj- bhasha, the famous Bhakti- mala (the garland of saints) that gives accounts of Vaishnava saints from the early period down to 1. Another set of poets worshipped Krishna and drew inspiration from Bhagavata Purana instead of the Ramayana, Surdasa was one of them lived between 1. Krishna’s life. His Aura- sagara is a collection of songs mainly devoted to the lilas of Krishna as a child and as a youthful lover of the gopis, the most important being Radha. Another poet of this school was Mirabai (1. Rajput princess married to the prince of Mewar. She was devoted to Krishna. Her songs were originally composed in Marwari, but their language has been largely altered to Braj- bhasa dialect of Hindi in order to make them popular outside Gujarat and Rajasthan. Several works attributed to her are Narsiji Ka Mahero, Gitagovinda Ki Tika, Ragagovinda, Garva- gita. The Awadhi dialect of Hindi was enriched by a number of Sufi writers who wove some romantic tales of the folklore type into beautiful allegorical plays by way of elucidating the characteristics of Sufi doctrines. Maulana Daud is the author of the oldest work of this type Chandayan. But the greatest writer of this school was Malik M Jayasi whose poem Padumavati composed between 1. Sufi allegorical treatment of the famous story of Padmini of Chitor. Literature in Braj- bhasha flourished under Akbar and was enriched by poets/musicians of his court like Tansen who wrote highly poetic and sometimes profound songs on various topics, devotional and descriptive. Another Kesava- dasa (1. Roughly from the beginning of the 1. Hindi literature took a new turn. This period is called Rita- kala, a name given to it by Ramchandra Shukla. Many talented poets in this period tried to write books on various aspects of Indians poetics such as rasa, alankara and nayaka- nayika- bhela, on the lines of Sanskrit rhetorical tradition. Some of them were Chintamani Tripathi 1. Kavya- viveka etc, Kesavadasa who wrote Rasika- priya in 1. Amaru, Govardhana and Jayadeva. Bhusana 1. 61. 3 to 1. His panegyrics on Shivaji in the most musical Braha- bhasa were amongst the most stirring things in the domain of medieval Indian poetry. His poetry gave hope to the Hindus of that age when everything seemed lost. List of people from Odisha.
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